Canada

CANADA

CANADIAN Citizenship Test
Here are some activities that might be useful before you take your Citizenship Test.

[|http://www.readingesl.ca/stories/index_canada.html]

[|http://www.ccs-etraining.com/practice-test/] [|http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/publications/discover/index.asp] [|http://] [|citizenship] [|counts.ca/] [|http://citizenshipcounts.ca/content/pdf/citizenship-guide-newcomers-manitoba-self-study.pdf] [|http://www.canadiancitizenshipchallenge.ca/resources/educational-resources] [|http://atwork.settlement.org/downloads/atwork/Citizenship%20Resource/Citizenship%20Resource.pdf]

This is another good website to practice citizenship test questions. Some of these are the most recent questions (2016) which students might not have seen before. [|http://www.thecanadiantest.com/free-test/6]

Kinetic 1/2/16

Stomp`n Tom - Capitals Song https://www.google.ca/?ion=1&espv=2#q=stomp%60n%20tom%20capitals

ASSIGNMENT Canada #1: **__Starting Life in Canada__** Add your story about "Starting Life in Canada" by first writing in a Microsoft WORD document, correcting your spelling and grammar, then copying it to the blog above (Speech Bubbles).

=__**Introduction to First Nations in Canada Presentation Vocabulary - PART I **__=
 * Toronto & Region > Conservation for a Living City (Guest Speaker Shintu C.) **

Aboriginal: Term used by the Canada Federal Government, and includes Indian, Inuit and Metis peoples Algonquin: First Nations people who share a similar language and lifestyle, includes Blackfoot, Cree, Ojibway Nations Assiniboine: First Nations people who share a similar language and lifestyle, a branch of the Sioux Nation Athapaskan: First Nations people who share a similar language and lifestyle, includes the Dene and Beaver Nations Birch-bark Canoe: Algonquin boat built from the bark of a Birch tree, waterproof and light- weight; still made today Cayuga (kye-OO-gah): “The people of the swamp”, originally from the New York State area Chief: Traditionally was a man, who was a leader among the First Nations people of Canada Clan Mother: In Iroquoian First Nations, a female leader of a clan

Clan: A group of people united by marriage and ancestors; can also mean family or families Conservation: The act of protecting nature – water, animals and plants Dug-out Canoe: Iroquoian boat built from craving out a tree trunk

First Nations : Indigenous people native to Canada; also known as Native and Indian Haudenosunee (Ho-deh-no-shaw-nee): “The people of the longhouse”, traditional name of the Iroquoian people Huron: Name given to the Wendat people by the French <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Igloo / Iglu: Snow house built by the Inuit of Northern Canada <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Indigenous : An original person of Canada; includes First Nations and Inuit people <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Inuit: Indigenous people native to Northern Canada; also known as Eskimo <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Iroquoian: First Nations people who share a similar language and lifestyle, includes the Iroquois Confederacy and the Wendat Confederacy <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Iroquois Confederacy: A First Nations confederacy of Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, and Cayuga Nations, who joined together between 1350-1600; also known as the Iroquois League <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Kayak: Inuit boat built from animal hides, and designed for only one person <span style="font-family: 'Calibri,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Introduction to First Nations in Canada Presentation Vocabulary <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Longhouse: An Iroquoian house, usually 200 feet long and 20 feet high, built for an entire clan; similar to a plankhouse <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Matriarch: A senior woman, who holds a position of authority and respect <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Metis: A person born with a First Nations mother and a French Canadian father <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Mohawk: Algonquin name meaning “man-eaters”, a common name used by First Nations and non-First Nations peoples to describe the Ganiengehaka / Kanienkehaka – “The people of the flint” <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Ojibway: Also known as Ojibwa, Chippewa and Anishinaabe; one of the largest Nations of First Nations people in North America today <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Oneida (oh-NYE-day): “The people of the standing stone”, originally from the New York State area <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Onondaga (ON-on-DAH-gah): “The people of the hill”, originally from the New York State area <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Plains First Nations: Nomadic First Nations peoples, who once lived from the Rocky Mountains to the southeast of Manitoba <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Plankhouse: Northwest coast house made of long, flat planks of cedar wood attached to a wooden frame; similar to a longhouse <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Seneca (SHE-neh-kah): “The people of the mountain”, originally from the New York State area <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Six Nations: Includes the Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Tuscarora Nations <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Tepee / Tipi: Tent-like house used by nomadic Plains First Nations, made of a cone-shaped wooden frame and covered with buffalo (bison) hide / skin <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">The Great Law of Peace: Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy

<span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Three Sisters : Corn (maize), squash and beans, traditionally grown by Iroquoian women and children <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Tuscarora (tuh-skuh-roar-uh): “The hemp people”, originally from North Carolina, and joined the Iroquois Confederacy in 1722 <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Wendat Confederacy: A First Nations confederacy of Wendat, Erie, Neutral and Petun Nations <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Wendat: Iroquoian speaking people who originally lived around the Great Lakes; also known as Huron

<span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Wigwam: Algonquin house used by nomadic tribes, made of wooden poles and covered in bark

=__<span style="font-family: 'Calibri,Bold'; font-size: 12pt;">The Contact Period: The European Arrival in the New World - Presentation Vocabulary - PART II __=


 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Toronto & Region > Conservation for a Living City (Guest Speaker Shintu C.) **

<span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Aborigina l: Term used by the Canada federal government, and includes Indian, Inuit and Metis peoples. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Algonquin : First Nations people who share a similar language and lifestyle, includes Blackfoot, Cree and Ojibway nations. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Arctic Ocean : The waters surrounding the North Pole between North America and Eurasia. The smallest ocean in the world, it is covered by pack ice through much of the year. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Band : A group for whom land and funding are set aside by the federal government. A band is composed of status Indians, who are registered with the federal government. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">British : A term relating to Great Britain or the United Kingdom, or to its people or language. <span style="color: #252525; font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Ceremony : The ritual observances and procedures performed during a special or sacred occasion. Examples of First Nations ceremonies are the Potlatch and Sun Dance. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Chief : Traditionally was a man, who was a leader among the First Nations people. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Colonialism : A process by which a foreign power dominates and exploits an Indigenous group’s resources, wealth, labour and cultural assets. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Colonist / Colonizer : A settler in a colony. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Colony : An area of land ruled by a faraway country; an example is New France being ruled by France between 1500s – 1763. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Conservation : The careful act of protecting and preserving nature, which includes water, plants and wildlife. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Coureur de Bois : A French or Metis man involved in the fur trade of North America. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">First Nations : Indigenous people native to Canada; also known as Native and Indian. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Fishery : The industry or occupation devoted to the catching, processing, or selling of fish, shellfish, or other aquatic animals. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Fur Trade : The harvesting of animals pelts in North America for manufacturing into clothes and hats by Europeans. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Gold Rush : A rapid movement of people to a newly discovered goldfield. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Hide : Skin of an animal with the hair / fur removed and ready for tanning. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Hudson’s Bay Company : An English Company chartered in 1670 to trade in all parts of North America drained by rivers flowing into Hudson Bay. 1 <span style="font-family: 'Calibri,Bold'; font-size: 12pt;">The Contact Period: The European Arrival in the New World Presentation Vocabulary <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Indian Act : The principal statute through which the federal government administers Indian status, local First Nations governments and the management of reserve land and communal monies beginning in 1876. The Indian Act pertains only to First Nations peoples, not to the Metis or Inuit people. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Indigenous : An original person of a country; in Canada includes First Nations and Inuit peoples. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Inuit : Indigenous people native to Northern Canada; also known as Eskimo.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Iroquois Confederacy : A First Nations confederacy of Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga and Cayuga Nations. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Lacrosse : A team game traditionally played by Iroquoian men carrying a long curved stick with a net attached to catch and throw a leather ball; also known as “Little Brother of War”. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Lower Canada : A historical region and province of British North America on the lower St. Lawrence River and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Originally Lower Canada was a colony of France, but the British gained control over Montreal in 1759 and the colony in 1763. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Metis : A person born with a First Nations mother and typically a French Canadian father. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Missionary : A priest or other religious person who travels from place to place to convert people to a religion. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Moccasins : A soft leather shoe originated by First Nations people in North America. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Mukluks : A high, soft boot that is traditionally made from sealskin or animal hide. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Musket : A metal, muzzle-loaded firearm fired from the shoulder, and introduced to North American Indigenous peoples by Europeans during the fur trade. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">New World : Name for North America and South America by Europeans. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Nordic / Norse Countries : Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">North West Company : A French fur trading company headquartered in Montreal from 1779 to 1821. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Northwest Passage : A sea route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean through northwestern America, often sought by early explorers. It requires sailing through far northern waters that are icebound much of the year. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Pelt : Skin of an animal with the hair / fur still on it. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Plains First Nations : Nomadic First Nations people, who once lived from the Rocky Mountains to the southeast of Manitoba. 2 <span style="font-family: 'Calibri,Bold'; font-size: 12pt;">The Contact Period: The European Arrival in the New World Presentation Vocabulary <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Prophecy : A process in which one or more messages allegedly communicated to a prophet are then communicated to other people. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Reserve : Land owned by the Crown / Government and set aside for the use of an Indian band. Reservation is an American term, and not used in Canada. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Resource : A limited supply of natural of items, such as trees, fish and animals.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Rupert’s Land : The name of the land that the Hudson’s Bay Company possessed in North America. It was named after Prince Rupert. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Six Nations : Includes the Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Tuscarora Nations. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Snowshoes : Round or oval wooden frames with strips of hide across them, which are strapped to the feet and used for walking on snow. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Tanning : A process, traditionally performed by women to soften and water-proof animal hides, which can then be made into clothes, and moccasins. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Three Sisters : Corn (Maize), beans and squash, traditionally grown by woman and children in Iroquoian First Nations. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Territory : An area of land and water on which a group of people traditionally lived, hunted, fished and gathered food. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Timber : Wood prepared for use in carpentry, construction, and ship building.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Trading Post : A store or small settlement established for trading, typically in a remote place. <span style="color: #252525; font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Treaty : A constitutionally recognized agreement between the Canadian Government and First Nations peoples. Most of these agreements describe exchanges where First Nations groups agree to share some of their interests in their ancestral lands in return for various payments and promises. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Upper Canada : A historical region and province of British North America on the upper St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Wampum Belt : Beads of polished shells strung in a strand, belt, or sash and used by North American First Nations as ceremonial pledges, historical records and ornaments. <span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Whalers : Name for a whaling ship and the seamen engaged in whaling. 3

ASSIGNMENT Canada #2:

=**Speaking Presentation:** **"Exploring the Geography of Canada"**=


 * Each student, pick a location, a famous place - all Canadian and present your findings to the class.
 * Territories
 * Nunavut
 * Ontario
 * Quebec
 * British Columbia
 * Alberta
 * Saskatchewan
 * Manitoba
 * Nova Scotia
 * Prince Edward Island
 * New Brunswick
 * Newfoundland

- Kinetic 01/16


 * || [[image:http://thewalrus.ca/assets/img/TheMeaningOfLeaf.jpg width="304" height="404" caption="The Painted Flag by Charles Pachter"]] ||
 * The Painted Flag by Charles Pachter ||  ||
 * The Painted Flag by Charles Pachter ||

// The Painted Flag // by Charles Pachter.

= = <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: abril-display,serif; font-size: 56px; text-align: center;">[|The Meaning of Leaf]

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: abril-display,serif; font-size: 20px; text-align: center;">On the fifty-year anniversary of our flag’s inauguration, the author reflects on what this nation’s defining symbol has represented to him and his family

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: ff-basic-gothic-web-pro,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;">BY <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: ff-basic-gothic-web-pro,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;">[|TONY FONG]

=
====== <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: ff-basic-gothic-web-pro,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;">PUBLISHED ON FEBRUARY 12, 2015, The Walrus, []

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro,serif; font-size: 20px;">When my aunt and uncle from Hong Kong came to visit Canada for the first time in the 1980s, they told me they wanted a souvenir. Specifically, they wanted a real maple leaf—one as red as the Canadian flag. Because I was used to seeing them everywhere, I didn’t really understand the appeal. But I was a kid and was more than happy to go on a leaf-picking adventure. The leaf we found was more orange than red, but it was good enough. We gingerly picked it off the ground and placed it inside a book for safekeeping, where my aunt tells me it remains today, on a shelf in their Hong Kong apartment.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro,serif; font-size: 20px;">About twenty years later, their children also came to Toronto for a visit. Like their parents, my cousins also wanted a memento—something distinctly Canadian. What they wanted, however, wasn’t a piece of Canadian flora. They were looking for an oversized hoodie from Roots, one that would feature, ideally, an image of a beaver . . . or a maple leaf. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro,serif; font-size: 20px;">As we approach the half-century anniversary of the national flag’s February 15, 1965 inauguration, I ask that we give a moment’s thought to what the flag means to us today. Although the red maple leaf is now seen as quintessentially Canadian, emblazoning the square white pale at the middle of our national flag, its prominent position on our ensign was in fact a subject of vigorous debate back in 1964, when Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson first declared that the government would adopt a “distinct flag of Canada.”

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro,serif; font-size: 20px;">Between the 1890s and the 1960s, almost all of Canada’s unofficial flags placed the maple leaf in a secondary position, while the Union Flag claimed the position of honour, on the canton at the top left corner of the ensign. The eradication of the Union Jack from our official flag in 1965 thus was interpreted as a proud proclamation of Canada’s sovereignty and distinction. No longer would our national identity be secondary to our British past.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro,serif; font-size: 20px;">Where does the maple leaf stand today? It’s in our schools and on Parliament Hill, but it also has migrated onto corporate logos and brands—something that Pearson might not have expected fifty years ago. McDonald’s Canada, for instance, features the maple leaf on its familiar golden arches. In the case of the Canadian logo for Wendy’s restaurants, the maple leaf is used as an apostrophe. It sits on top of Canadian Tire’s red triangle, at the centre of Air Canada’s red circle, and at the end of <span class="smallcaps" style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro,serif; font-size: 17.5px;">VIA <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro,serif; font-size: 20px;"> Rail’s stylized yellow letters. Like so much else in our society, the maple leaf has gone corporate.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro,serif; font-size: 20px;">It would be a shame if the maple leaf’s superficial brand appeal took away from its greater symbolism. For immigrants, especially, the maple leaf is more than just an identifier of where to eat or buy hardware: it’s an eleven-pointed marker of Canadian values.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro,serif; font-size: 20px;">My father immigrated to Canada from Hong Kong in the 1970s in order to escape the then-impoverished state of his childhood home. My mother fled the Vietnam War as a refugee around the same time. They met while taking a remedial English class and married a year later. After a short stint in London, Ontario, where my sister and I were born, my parents flew to British Columbia, where they opened the first Chinese restaurant in Stewart. It was a town of a few hundred people, all of whom embraced us as part of the community. My parents eventually returned to Ontario a couple of years later, so that my sister and I could live in a big Canadian city, where we would have educational opportunities they never had. Opportunity. Acceptance. Freedom. That’s what the maple leaf has meant to my family.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: ff-tisa-web-pro,serif; font-size: 20px;">This Sunday, remind yourself that what the maple leaf truly stands for cannot be sold over the counter, or consumed with a bun. Our flag badge is not an apostrophe so much as an exclamation mark.

DAVID GREYEYES

From Privilege to Prisons Mona Parsons was born in Nova Scotia in 1901 and got married to Dutch millionaire businessman in 1937 and moved to Netherlands After the German invaded Netherlands in 1940, the couple joined a resistance unit and started hiding Allied airmen in their mansion, until they were betrayed and arrested by the Gestapo. Parsons was found guilty and was sentenced to death penalty. However, the judge later changed her sentence to life in prison. Parsons and a friend escaped from prison, after the bomb attacks at the prison. They walked for 125 kilometers to finally reached the safety of the Allied lines. Remarkably, the first soldiers she met were from the North Nova Scotia Highlanders. Parsons was honored for her bravery in helping downed Allied airmen and received commendations from the British Air Marshal and American General Dwight D. Eisenhower.


 * Sensitive **

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;"> Mona Parsons

=THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN=

Canadian forces participated from the beginning in the Allied campaign in Italy.
In early 1944, Canada reinforced its commitment in Italy and organized its forces there into I Canadian Corps. In May, the Canadians broke the ‘Hitler Line’ defences south of Rome and later that summer pierced the heavily-defended ‘Gothic Line’ fortifications further north. In February 1945, I Canadian Corps transferred to Northwest Europe. More than 92,000 Canadians served in Italy at a cost of 26,000 casualties, including more than 5300 dead. || || Yummy 12/11/2013
 * In Canada’s first sustained land operation of the war, Canadian troops helped capture Sicily in a five-week campaign beginning 10 July 1943. In September, the Allies invaded the Italian mainland and, although Italy soon surrendered, the occupying Germans fought for every metre of the mountainous terrain. Casualties were heavy on both sides. In December, Canadian troops captured the Adriatic port of Ortona following a ferocious house-to-house battle.
 * [[image:http://www.warmuseum.ca/cwm/exhibitions/chrono/images/1931italian.jpg width="400" height="397" caption="THEITALIAN CAMPAIGN"]] ||

**__ Hockey Night in Korea __**


Canadians will be Canadians, no matter where in the world they are. When Canadian soldiers serving in the Korean War were given time away from their dangerous front-line duties. Their thoughts often turned to sports. Winters in Korea are harsh and the rivers would freeze as the temperatures dropped. Canadians stationed near the Imjin River decided to make use of all that ice and created a makeshift outdoor rink they called "Imjin Gardens." The first games were played in 1952. At first, the boards were sandbags and the men had no pads or hockey uniforms. The players just had sticks, skates and wore their regular military fatigues. Soon, proper hockey gear, wooden boards, heated dressing rooms and even a canteen were brought in. The matches were often between different units, players from the 1st Battalion of Princess Patricia’s and the 2nd Battalion of the royal 22. The sporting event helped create little piece of normal Canadian life half a world away in war-torn Korea. This tradition continues in more recent time, with Canadian armed forces members playing ball hockey in far-off places like Afghanistan. ** ROSY ** ** Nov. 10, 2013 **



w(W)hen the Korean war broke out, Canadian women were again recruited for service in our country's army, navy and air force. More than overseas, nursing sisters often had to provide aid in a combat zone where they treated battle injuries and diseases. (T)they also flew air evacuation with casualties back to Canada. (W)when the armistice came into effect in 1953, they worked with the newly released prisoners of war, helping to restore prisoners of war, helping to restore their health. (F)fortunately, there were no female Canadian casualties.
 * Canadian women in the Korean war **

Nice November 6, 2013


 * Canada at War in Korea **

North Korea invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950. The United Nations(UN) voted to send a multinational force to the Far East to intervene. So, more than 26,000 Canadians would serve during the Korean War. Sadly, 516 Canadians gave their lives in serve(service). An Armistice was finally signed on July 27, 1953. Seven thousand Canadians would continue to serve there by 1957. 2013 marks the 60th anniversary of the signing of the Armistice and has been designated the “Year of the Korean War Veteran” in Canada. I' m a Korean. Thank you for Canadians helping our country during Korean War. My mom experienced the war. She was 13 years old. At that time, her mother and sister passed away. So, She was very scared the war. But, I have never experienced war. I wish no more war in the world.

Young 7/11/2013

//**Thank you Young!**// //**- Kamikaze 13-11-07**//

=**The Story behind Canadian Currency**=

=**$1.00 Loonie**=

Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada Common loon in water The Canadian 1 dollar coin, commonly called Loonie, is a gold coloured, bronze-plated, one-dollar coin introduced in 1987. It bears images of a common loon, a well-known Canadian bird, on the reverse, and of Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse. The design for the coin was meant to be a voyageur theme, similar to the country’s previous one dollar/silver dollar coin, but the master dies were lost by the courier service while in transit to the Royal Canadian Mint in Winnipeg. In order to avoid possible counterfeiting, a different design was used. The coin has become the symbol of the Canadian dollar; media often discuss the rate at which the loonie is trading against other currencies. The nickname loonie (huard in French) became so widely recognized that on March 15, 2006 the Royal Canadian Mint secured the rights to the name “Loonie”. The name is so ubiquitous that, when it was introduced in 1996, the Canadian 2 dollar coin was nick named the “Toonie” (a portmanteau of “two” and “loonie”).

** $2.00 Twoonie ** Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada Polar bear in early summer on ice floe The Canadian 2 dollar coin, commonly called Toonie, was introduced on February 19, 1996 by Public Works minister Diane Marleau. The Toonie is a bi-metallic coin which bears an image of a polar bear, by Campbellford, Ontario artist Brent Townsend, on the reverse. The obverse, like all other current Canadian coins, has a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II. It has the words “ELIZABETH II / D.G. REGINA” in a different typeface from any other Canadian coin; it is also the only coin to consistently bear its issue date on the obverse. According to its website, the coin “is manufactured using a distinctive bi-metallic coin locking mechanism patented by the Royal Canadian Mint”. It costs 16 cents to mint a Toonie, which is estimated to last 20 years. The discontinued two-dollar bill cost six cents to print and, on average, each bill lasted only one year.

When the coin was introduced, a number of nicknames were suggested. Some of the early ones included the bearie (analogous to the loonie and the former Spanish Doubloon coin), and the moonie (because it depicted “the queen with a bear behind”)

=**$5.00**=

Portrait of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, who was the first French-Canadian prime minister and held office from 1896 to 1911. He was born in St. Lin, Quebec on 20 November 1841 and died on 17 February 1919. Theme: Children at play. Images of youngsters having fun tobogganing, learning to skate, and playing ice hockey capture the spirit and beauty of the Canadian winter. The Hockey Sweater is a short story published in 1979 by Canadian author Roch Carrier. The story is widely considered an allegory for the linguistic and cultural tensions between anglophone and francophone Canadians, and an essential classic of Canadian literature. An excerpt from the story is now featured in both official languages of Canada on the reverse of the Canadian five-dollar bill. Les hivers de monenfanceetaient des saisonslongues, longues. Nous vivions en troislieux: l’ecole, l’eglise et la patinoire; mais la vrai vie etaitsur la patinoire. The winters of my childhood were long, long seasons. We lived in three places – the school, the church and the skating rink – but our real life was on the skating rink.

$10.00  Portrait of Sir John A. Macdonald, who was Canada’s first prime minister and held office from 1867 to 1873 and again from 1878 to 1891. He was born on 11 January 1815 in Glasgow, Scotland and died on 6 June 1891. Theme: Remembrance and Peacekeeping “In Flanders Fields” by John McCrae In Flanders fields the poppies blow/between the crosses, row on row,/That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, flye/Scarce heard amid the guns below. The $10 note features the first verse of John McCrae’s poem, “In Flanders fields”, and its French adaptation, Au champ d’honneur, by Jean Pariseau, together with doves a wreath of poppies, and a banner inscribed “N’oublionjamais – Lest We Forget” Together these written and visual elements symbolize peace and commemoration. Peacekeeping scene. Represents the pivotal role of the Canadian Forces have played a pivotal role in United Nations and other peacekeeping missions. On the $10 note, Canada’s peacekeeping forces are portrayed by a female air force officer. She is dressed in Canadian combat clothing with the air element blue beret. Doves the international symbol of peace, and a globe crowned with the words “Au service de la paix – In the service of peace” appear in the background to represent Canadian peacekeeping efforts around the world. Remembrance scene. The Remembrance Day service illustrated here shows a male veteran, a young boy, and a young girl observing the ceremony. In the background, a male master corporal from the land forces stands vigil at a memorial cenotaph, with a female naval officer. The monument depicted here is not true to life. It is meant to represent cenotaphs/ war memorials across the country. Together, the illustrations commemorate all Canadians who participated in past wars.

** $20.00 **  Portrait of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, the reigning monarch and head of Canada. She acceded to the throne on 6 February 1952. She was separately proclaimed Queen of Canada on 2 June 1953. Theme: Arts & Culture The artwork of Bill Reid (1920-1998), inspired by the Haida culture of Canada’s northwest coast, was chosen to represent this theme. Bill Reid, Raven and the First Men, In Haida culture, the Raven is one of the most powerful of mythical creatures. The sculpture of the Raven and the First Men depicts the story of human creation. According to Haida legend, the Raven found himself alone one day on Rose Spit beach in HaidaGwaii (formerly the queen Charlotte Islands). He saw an extraordinary clamshell and protruding from it were a number of small human beings. The Raven coaxed them to leave the shell to join him in his wonderful world. Some of the humans were hesitant at first but, overcome by curiosity, they eventually emerged from the partly open giant clamshell to become the first Haida. Bill Reid, Spirit of the HaidaGwaii, Reid constructed a 1/6-scale clay model of the spirit of HaidaGwaii in the spirng of 1986. He then enlarged the Haida canoe carrying thirteen mythological Haida figures to a full-scale clay model, before the sculpture was cast in plaster over an armature of steel rod and mesh for further refinement. The Canadian Embassy describes the work as follows: “The canoe contains both raven and Eagle, women and men, a rich man and a poorer man, and animals as well as human beings. Is it fair, then to see in it an image not only of one culture but of the entire family of living things ? Not all is peace and contentment in this crowded boat… But whatever their differences, they are paddling together, in one boat, headed in one direction.” Bill Reid, Xhuwoaji/Haida Grizzly Bear. The Haida Grizzly Bear design originated as a ceremonial drum created by Bill Reid that was made by the Sam family of Ahousat, British Columbia, in 1988. The male grizzly bear was a favourite image of Bill Reid, and he used it in his jewelery designs and sculpture. The round image of Xhuwaji / Haida Grizzly Bear symbolizes strength and shows the grizzly bear in the traditional HaidaColours of red and black. The bear’s large flaring nostrils attest to its fierce character; its protruding tongue symbolizes the oral tradition of the Haida people. Bill Reid, Mythic Messengers. Bill Reid said the sculpture “was inspired by a device often used by Haida artists, an exchange of tongues, whereby power was communicated from one mythic creature to another. At a deeper level, the power of these old forms, born of a mythological past, reinterpreted through new materials and techniques, in a contemporary setting, can still speak to us across time, space, and enormous cultural differences.” Quotation by Gabrielle Roy Could we ever know each other in the slightest without the arts ? Nous connaitrions-nous seulement un peu nous-memes, san les arts ? This excerpt reminds us that arts and culture define who we are, as well as the system of beliefs, values, and customs we share as Canadians. It is taken from Roy’s novel La montagne secrete, published in 1961. The English translation by Harry L Binsse, The Hidden Mountain, was published in 1962

$50.00 =$100.00=

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Green pastures and the distinct red-soil cliffs make Prince Edward Island a great destination for travellers who are just looking for some relaxation or a fun day at the beach. Take a car to get around, the island is not big so you could see everything in a day.
 * 10. Prince Edward Island **

<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12.5pt;">9. Ottawa, Ontario
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Ottawa is the Capital City of Canada and a great place to soak in Canadian culture. The Changing of the Guard on Parliament Hill or the RCMP march are always popular sights, along with some world class museums. There are also many parks and bike paths that make summer outdoors fun. The winters aren't bad either. The Rideau Canal, which connects the Ottawa River to the Great Lakes for leisure boaters, makes for the longest skating rink in the world when it freezes

<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12.5pt;">8. Kelowna, British Columbia
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Where do Canadians go on vacation? Kelowna, BC. In the heart of the Canadian Rockies is the Okanagan Valley, a river-valley that has some of Canada's best weather. Warm in the summer and mild in the winter; the most you can ask for in the Great White North. The valley produces Canada's world famous B.C. apples (illegal in the U.S.) and wine. The Valley has a marina for the avid boaters and many golf courses. Relaxing at the beach or sitting on the porch of a lakeside cottage is everyone's idea of the perfect destination.

<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12.5pt;">7. Churchill, Manitoba
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">You might be wondering why Churchill? Well hear me out, Churchill, Manitoba is a small town in northern Manitoba on the shores of the Hudson Bay. The town is the Polar Bear Capital of the World (sightings are year round), Beluga Whale Capital of the World (sightings from late June to late August), and one of the best places to catch a glimpse of an Aurora Borealis or Northern-Lights (sightings from late November through to late March). No-one ever forgets a visit to Churchill. It's the best place to connect to the many wonders of mother nature

<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12.5pt;">6. Vancouver, British Columbia
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Vancouver is a great place to see and do anything and everything. You can enjoy the city's night life, ski at Whistler and go whale-watching along the coast. Camping, hiking, and boating are also just a few of the things you can do when in town. If you love the outdoors and want to see some real wildlife, Vancouver should be on your itinerary

<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12.5pt;">5. Niagara Falls, Ontario
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">It's one of those unfortunate 'luck of the draw' things I'm afraid to say, because the majority of the Falls are technically in the United States. This would be fine except that to see it, you have to be on the Canadian side. That's why Niagara Falls lands on Canada's Top-Ten list. To get to the other side there is a pedestrian bridge that links Canada with the United States without the inconvenience of border patrols, yeah! <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">This tourist town is great for sightseeing and if you happen to be in Toronto, Niagara Falls is not far. Niagara Falls is also a popular place to get married, competing with Las Vegas for favourite wedding destinations. Niagara Falls was also rated as the World's Most Romantic Place

<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12.5pt;">4. Quebec City, Quebec
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Visiting Quebec City is like taking a tour of France in North America. Quebec culture is rich and unique from the rest of Canada, and no-where is it as evident as it is in Quebec City. The world famous Chateaux Frontenac overlooks the St. Lawrence River on a cliff that was once a French Fort. The Old-City is contained in an stone wall that once protected the city from the British Navy. The City Fortress makes Quebec City one of the last walled cities in the world

<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12.5pt;">3. Montreal, Quebec
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Montreal is perhaps my all-time favourite place to just walk around by myself. No other city will allow you to be on a hill overlooking the city from above; shop at fancy French boutiques; dine at some of the best restaurants in the world; see old historic buildings and modern skyscrapers; enjoy a vibrant nightlife; and watch the sun rise and set at the port - all within walking distance. You will feel as if you have walked into a different dimension. Being the world's second largest French speaking city (second only to Paris) some would compare it to France. I on the other hand believe that Montreal is in a league of its own

<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12.5pt;">2. Banff, Alberta
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Banff is great but a little over-crowded at times. Best to take in the nature experience during the off seasons. But it doesn't matter what time of year it is, there is always stuff to see and do in Banff. Having been to Banff many times, I have never gone and not seen either a bear, elk, deer or mountain goat. With the guaranteed wildlife sightings, you will always enjoy your stay at the **<span style="color: black; font-family: calibri,sans-serif; text-decoration: none;">[|Banff Springs Hotel] **. Be sure to take advantage of their outdoor hot-springs while you are there. Reservations at the hotel are made months in advance but don't fret because there are many other hotels in the area

<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12.5pt;">1. Lake Louise, Alberta
<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The picture says it all. Deep in the Canadian Rockies a large turquoise lake trickles from the thousands year old glacier in the distance. The Fairmont Hotel is world class and books visitors months in advance. But don't let this deter you from visiting, there are many camp-grounds that make visiting fun and affordable

Source: http://jyledupuis.hubpages.com Merciful, Jan. 1st, 2012